} 11 - Jul. Frost formation is affected by a series of factors including cloud coverage, humidity, surface winds, topography and location. There is a 50% chance of being hit by a 32 frost starting around October 13. Knowingabout frost dates is very important to gardeners. Black frost (or dry freeze): Black frost occurs when the temperature drops to freezing point, but the adjacent air does not contain enough moisture to form white frost on exposed surfaces. Sign up for our newsletter. His Vegetable Garden Growers Masterclass is available online. A light frost or white frost happens when the air temperature drops to around 32F. Doctors hold fears for children amid low vaccination rates, The dark side of the property market rebound, The science that unlocked a rare genetic mutation in the Folbiggs and set Kathleen free, The Ben Roberts-Smith judgement is 726 pages long. Frost Dates: First and last frost dates by zipcode - Garden.org The nation's capital, Canberra, was expecting a low of minus 4 on Saturday morning, according to BOM. Urban areas heat up quickly in Spring, and as a result, the last frost dates can change by a few days or even a week. Home 2023 First and Last Frost Dates for Places in Nova Scotia Amherst, NS Antigonish, NS Berwick, NS Bridgetown, NS Bridgewater, NS Chester, NS Digby, NS Glace Bay, NS Halifax, NS Hantsport, NS Inverness, NS The last frost date in Spring essentially determines when the first seeds of your new plantings will germinate. You have a 80% chance of seeing 32 by --. This slows the radiative cooling at the surface, making frost formation less likely. You can use the average date of the last and first frost to plan when seeds can be started in the garden when seeds should be started earlier indoors, and when seedlings started indoors can be set out in the open garden. What Is a Perennial? A range of tender plants and edibles can be very sensitive to frost. The calculator will do the rest! The map divides the United States into cold hardiness zones based on average annual minimum temperatures. Where has snow historically fallen in Australia outside of the alpine regions? "Large parts of the country will start to warm though, Tuesday and Wednesday, as we sort of get that next pulse of the warmer northerly wind setting up across parts of Australia.". 11 - Jun. Many vegetables such as lettuces, cucumbers, squashes, and beans utilize succession planting because of their short growing season. Frost expected across nearly every state and territory in Australia (Soil temperature is affected by solar heat, air temperature, and soil moisture.) Jul. Seed starting should be matched to the appropriate time that the variety you are planting will grow. Apr 13. On warm sunny days, air temperature in cold frames, hotbeds, and under plastic tunnels can quickly become too hot. Warm-weather crops grow best in the late spring and summer months well after the last frost and before the first frost. (Clouds act as a blanket of protection against frost keeping ground warmth from escaping into the night. If you want to start your garden earlier in the spring with a higher risk of frost, or later with a lower risk, use the following table: National Centers for Environmental Information. Here are the average last frost dates, average first frost dates, average days in the growing season, and USDA zone for several cities in the United States, Canada, and other parts of the world. Spring 2023 Frost/Freeze Info (NO THREAT of frost/freeze through at window.mc4wp.listeners.push( Even buildings and pavement in urban areas can create relatively small microclimates that can potentially produce different gardening results. "As anyone knows who's outside at night in winter, you have to have those clear night skies and the atmosphere needs to be very dry," he said. First find out when it's safe to plant outside again. It is worth the effort to get plants past the first cold snap; there may be more harvest to come before the first solid freeze. October 29. Ive recently partnered with High Mowing Seeds, one of my favorite organic seed companies, which led the coalition of the Safe Seed Pledge. As well as using this map for reference, we recommend consulting other gardeners who have hands-on experience of weather and gardening patterns in your area. 11 - Jun. There is an indirect correlation between the average frost dates and hardiness zones. But other research has shown,at a more local scale, the downward trend of frost events hasn't been so clear. A cold frame or hotbed can raise the temperature of protected beds by 20F or more and extend the growing season by several months to all year. If you know frost is coming, you can protect plants with plant blankets, floating row covers, plastic tunnels, or even a cardboard box set over the top of plants. "I think this is one of those climate surprises," he said. Bureau Home > Climate > Maps - average conditions > Frost definitions. Jun. Enter your location below and we will tell you when your average first frost and last frost dates are likely to happen. Jun. * This station has less than 20 years of data, so compare with nearby stations to assess the most accurate freeze dates for this area. For example, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) offers the easiest way to understand the average annual temperatures in your region. As shown in my blog post, 6 tips on how to protect your outdoor potted plants this winter, the table below illustrates the freeze tolerance for plants: Planning your garden by the last frost date can help protect tender plants by knowing when to plant in your garden. Wondering when to plant what? Apr 4. Read on to understand more about frost dates and why they are important. Photography by Garden.org member TBGDN. 30. Last frost date data is based on historically averaged temperatures. Have you ever thought about planning when to plant your crops by the last frost date? Zone 16. You can use hardiness zones to know how cold a place can get and which plants can survive there. Woah, tiger. Frost Dates for Australian and New Zealand Gardeners - Geocities Archive Average First and Last Freeze Dates | NC State Extension "Despite the sort of overall warming trend in our temperatures, the extremes of our temperatures, be they hot or cold, are acting in a slightly more nuanced and complex way, which can be quite surprising at times," he said. However, a frost can occur even when air temperatures are just above freezing. Amherst. Taylorsville Tower (TAYL) - Network: ECONET. Frost can also take several forms, including: Some areas, on a regional scale, are particularly prone to frost. There are two main ways that frost can form, with radiation being the most common method of formation in Australia. In Australia, frost is more likely to form under a clear sky, with low humidity and light surface winds. From general yard work to other outdoor areas that need attention like pool maintenance, there is always a Tasker ready and willing to help. To ensure the safety of your tender plants and fall harvests, you might want to adjust the average frost dates that are published for your region. Climate, weather, and growing season days can change from year to year so also averages can only be used to approximate when to plant or harvest. 21 - Jun. Microclimates, which are small areas of varying weather conditions within larger zones, can be caused by local geography of the area such as hills and valleys as well as variations of solar and wind exposure. Stephen Albert is a horticulturist, master gardener, and certified nurseryman who has taught at the University of California for more than 25 years. Jul. This simply means a period of time where you can safely set your plants out in your garden ensuring them with optimal growing temperatures during both day and night. Debra LaGattuta is a Master Gardener with 30+ years of experience in perennial and flowering plants, container gardening, and raised bed vegetable gardening. We recommend building in a little buffer to allow for this if you are worried about plant damage. In many areas, the first frost is followed by days of warmer weather. The true growing season for a region or garden is the total number of consecutive days that the soil is warm enough to grow plantsincluding germination, maturation, and ripening before a killing frost or freeze. 1 - Jun. The growing season differs from region to regionlonger in southern regions, and shorter in northern regions. This most commonly occurs under clear skies and with little or no wind. Some plants can be seeded indoors to get a head start, and you can then later transplant them outdoors after the danger of frost has passed. As a result, there is a slight chance that frost can occur after the dates listed, creating frost damage on plants. forms: { Radiation is the most common mechanism for frost formation in Australia. During Spring, the nights reach temperatures too cold for new vegetable plants to survive in. Luke Miller Updated: Sep. 23, 2022 Family Handyman Frost Dates are the bookends for your vegetable garden and annual flowerbeds. An observed temperature of 2.2C at screen level indicates that the temperature at the surface is approaching 0C. Location. How to Test for Seed Viability, Understand the six basic parts of a plant to grow impressive crops, January chores and planning for your Garden and Landscape Zone 6, Six Ways to Use Hot Peppers from Your Garden, Yellow garden spider, a natures beneficial gardening partner. Frost occurs when air temperatures reach freezing: 32 Fahrenheit (0 Centigrade). It is based on the average climatic conditions of each area and is an excellent starting point if you are wondering if a particular plant will over-winter (survive the coolest temperatures) in your area. This is achieved with cloches, plastic tunnels, cold frames, hotbeds, and greenhouses. A hotbed is a heated cold frame. Keep the following growing season information in mind: Frost in the garden happens when the surfaces of plant leaves or fruitor other solid objects in the gardenare colder than freezing and moisture in the air condenses on the surfaces to form ice crystals. Average first and last frost dates by state and city, Balcony and Rooftop Vegetable Garden Basics, How to Plant, Grow, Prune, and Harvest a Blueberry, How to Plant, Grow, Prune, and Harvest Peaches and Nectarines, How to Plant, Grow, Prune, and Harvest Pear Trees, How to Plant, Grow, Prune, and Harvest Plums, How to Plant, Grow, Prune, and Harvest Citrus, Serve Watermelon With These Flavor Matches, Wheelbarrow Buyers Guide Best-Rated Wheelbarrows, Leaf Blower Buyers Guide Best-Rated Leaf Blowers, Rototiller Buyers Guide Best-Rated Tillers, Lawn Mower Buyers Guide Best-Rated Mowers, Chipper Shredder Buyers Guide Best Rated, The night is clear and bright stars are easily visible. When Is Your Last Frost Date in Spring? - Better Homes & Gardens Using that link will give us a small commission that helps keep the website up and running (We are grateful for your support!). Get the best gardening tips straight into your inbox! Use our 2023 Frost Dates Calculator to find the average dates of the last light freeze of spring and first light freeze of fall for locations across the U.S. and Canada. Fall Frost/Freeze Data For South Central Nebraska and North Central Kansas So how do you figure out when that is, exactly? Also, know about the crop and the variety you want to grow. Frost dates are the day of the year when it is calculated to be 50% likely that the temperature will dip below freezing, resulting in frost on the ground. 10. Additionally, some plants like to grow next to each other. By understanding more about your climate, you can plan with this information or work with a gardener who can help you. You can enter a zipcode or a location like City, State. Home 2023 First and Last Frost Dates for Places in Florida Altamonte Springs, FL Apopka, FL Boca Raton, FL Bonita Springs, FL Boynton Beach, FL Bradenton, FL Brandon, FL Cape Coral, FL Carol City, FL Clearwater, FL By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. First and Last Frost Dates by ZIP Code | The Old Farmer's Almanac "So because we are getting those dry conditions that are starting to emerge, that is more conducive for frosts to occur.". First and Last Frost Dates by ZIP Code | The Old Farmer's Almanac Killing frosts are normally black frosts and are uncommon in Australia. The last frost date in spring and the first frost date in autumn mark the beginning and end of the natural garden growing season. This information is useful both in terms of knowing when tosow seedsand the right time to plant annuals, perennials, trees, and shrubs that are likely to survive the winter. Some valleys and low-lying areas can experience late frosts well after the last frost date on cold nights when there is radiational cooling. He holds graduate degrees from the University of California and the University of Iowa. In the historical weather data, a frost occurred after the official last frost date 10 percent of the time. They call themselves 'the unfortunate ones'. 21 - Jun. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) calculates 30-year averages of temperature that dip to 32oF or below for the last time in spring, hence creating last frost dates in your area. This is referred to as a katabatic wind, and can result in frost forming in valleys when surrounding areas remain frost-free. The National Weather Service often tracks this data as well. We love to share vegetable gardening tips that will take you from seed to kitchen serving. Frost hollows often occur in valleys due to cold air drainage. Successful growing is also determined by the garden soil type, rainfall or irrigation, daytime temperature, nighttime temperature, day length, wind, humidity, and heat. Calculated using 1991-2020 Climate Normals from NOAA. Last frost date - when is the last frost? | Express.co.uk (The top can be made less expensively with two layers of polyethylene.) In addition to our map and suggested websites, your local gardening center and your personal experience can be your most reliable source. Use the length of the growing season in your garden to set planting dates for early, mid-season, and late-season crops. Among the worst hit areas are eastern New South Wales away from the coastal fringe, the ACT, southern Queensland, central Australia and inland south-west WA. Cloud cover: Clear skies favour the escape of radiation (heat) from the earths surface to space. Many believe that using your zip code will lead you to a more accurate frost date. 2023Yankee Publishing, Inc., An Employee-Owned Company callback: cb The average date of the last frost is important because most warm-weather plants will not grow and many will die if they are hit by frost. Crop covers and tree wraps can be used to manage the risk of frost by preventing the loss of heat during the night. She is a lead gardener in a Plant-A-Row, which is a program that offers thousands of pounds of organically-grown vegetables to local food banks. We have dates for both, listed state by state. Mar 29. Deadheading Flowers: Encouraging A Second Bloom In The Garden, Keeping Your Indoor Container Plants Alive, Home & Garden Marketplace: Advertiser Info. These reports may go back100 years or so. How does the last frost affect vegetables? For now, feel free to continue reading. The chart indicates a 10% chance that the temperature will go down to 32 F on April 19. Planting and harvesting are commonly determined by the number of days between the last frost in spring and the first frost in autumnthis period is known as the growing season. The dates listed below are estimated average light frost dates based on historical data from the National Climatic Data Center. listeners: [], Just keep in mind that these dates are an average and don't take into consideration any microclimates on your property. + -. Before you begin planting your garden, you need to know the last and first frost dates in your region so that you plant at the right time. A frost date is the average date of the last frost in spring or the first frost in fall or winter. Nearly all forms of plant protection can increase the number of growing days by at least three or four weeks in both spring and autumn. They can also be used to set harvest dates and to plan the extension of the growing seasonboth early and late. The bacterial action of the organic matter decomposition will heat the frame. The Ben Roberts-Smith verdict has shocked the military. Ada. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Apr 19. The impact that a particular frost event will have on a crop or garden depends upon the severity of the frost and the crop or plants in question. And it's very different to the US, Black Summer bushfires may have helped trigger rare triple-dip La Nia, Melissa Caddick's parents ordered to leave $2.25 million Sydney eastern suburbs apartment, 'Time wasting': Prince Harry misses court after celebrating Lilibet's birthday, No survivors found after plane that flew over US capital and led to fighter jet scramble crashes in Virginia, Russia claims it killed 250 Ukrainian troops while Kyiv says it is 'shifting to offensive actions', India's worst railway disaster in decades has killed at least 275 people. You can use the average date of the last and first frost to plan when seeds can be started in the garden when seeds should be started earlier indoors, and when seedlings started indoors can be set out in the open garden. Its important to note that the date and temperature will vary greatly depending on your state and elevation. Crop type, variety, sowing date, nutrition and stage of growth can all determine the extent to which the crop is affected by a frost. Renter wins appeal to have a Chihuahua in test of Queensland's new tenancy laws. Frost is defined as a deposit of soft white ice crystals or frozen dew drops on objects near the ground; formed when the surface temperature falls below freezing point. Some parts of the country have even seen an increase in the number of annual frost days, according to data from the Australian National University (ANU), while neighbouring regions have decreased. About potential frost days - Australian Maps - Bureau of Meteorology Seed Lending Library: How To Start A Seed Library, What Are Hobby Farms Hobby Farm Vs. Business Farm, Wisdom For Today From The Famous Benjamin Franklin Almanack, How Deep To Plant Tomatoes For Thriving Plants, Best Vegetables To Grow In The Pacific Northwest. It is important to know that no matter where this information comes from, there can be a slight variation in the actual date due to changing and unpredictable weather patterns. Hardiness zones were developed to help gardeners determine which plants can survive the minimum temperatures of a particular region. Black frost is fairly uncommon in Australia. Rime: A deposit of ice formed by the rapid freezing of super-cooled water droplets. The date of the last spring frost, which marks the . For example: viewing a "Spring Freeze Dates" table, along the "32" degrees row, and under the ".70" probability column, one might see "4/19". Temperature is measured by standard instruments which are located in a shelter (Stevenson screen) at a height of approximately 1.2 m above the ground. Why does it keep happening? This type of frost is generally not seen in Australia, as the air masses in our region are very rarely cold enough to produce a freeze. Last updated Jan 2, 2023 | Featured, Gardening, Herbs, How-To and Tips, What to Grow, Where to Begin | 8 comments. Here are five key findings. Frost potential maps and frost warnings are used by the agriculture industry to manage the risks associated with frost. How do you find your specific last frost date? That being said, other crops grow in the spring and fall, such as lettuce, mustard, strawberries, and brassicas. Frost forms when a mass of very cold air moves over an area, replacing the warmer air in that area. Zone 1 in Alaska has the coldest annual minimum temperatures (lows below -50F) and Zone 11 in South Florida (lows above 40F) is the warmest. Zone 17. Hardiness zones are further divided into A and B; A is the less warm region of the zone and B is the warmer region of the zone. { The map identifies the 30-year average date after which there are no freezing temperatures until the return of cold temperatures in the fall. The average date of the last frost in spring for your regions is available from the nearest cooperative extension. Different crops and plants have different tolerances to frost. The probability of a freeze occurring after the last freeze is 30 percent1. In addition to the last and first average frost dates, hardiness zones are helpful to gardeners. Another important source of weather-related information is the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration website, which you can use in combination with frost dates and cold hardiness zones to assist with selecting safe planting dates. Plantmaps has derived zones indicating the average annual Last frost dates for United Kingdom. })(); Join our gardening family to receive the latest tips. State and city Last frost First frost Days Zone, Birmingham March 19 November 14 241 7B, Mobile February 17 December 12 298 8A, Montgomery February 27 December 3 279 8A, Anchorage May 18 September 13 118 4, Barrow June 27 July 5 8 4, Cordova May 10 October 2 145 4, Fairbanks May 24 August 29 97 4, Flagstaff June 8 October 2 116 5B, Phoenix January 27 December 11 317 9A, Tucson March 12 November 21 225 8A, Winslow April 28 October 21 176 5B, Fort Smith March 23 November 9 231 8B, Little Rock March 16 November 15 244 7A, Pine Bluff March 26 November 5 224 7B, Texarkana March 21 November 19 233 7B, Bakersfield February 14 November 28 287 8B, Eureka March 10 November 18 253 8B, Fresno February 3 December 3 303 8A, Los Angeles January 3 December 28 359 10, Marysville February 21 November 21 273 7B, Palm Springs January 8 December 18 334 9B, Pasadena February 3 December 13 313 9B, Red Bluff March 6 December 5 274 7B, Riverside March 6 November 26 265 8B, Sacramento January 24 December 11 321 8B, San Diego no frost no frost 365 10, San Francisco January 7 December 29 356 8B, San Jose February 10 January 6 299 8B, Santa Barbara January 22 December 19 331 8B Santa Rosa April 10 November 3 207 8B, Denver May 2 October 14 165 5A, Grand Junction April 20 October 9 173 6A, Pueblo April 28 October 12 167 5B, Bridgeport April 26 October 16 174 6A, Hartford April 22 October 19 180 5A, New Haven April 15 October 25 193 6A, Dover April 17 October 22 188 7A, Newark April 20 October 17 180 7A, Wilmington April 18 October 26 191 7A, Washington April 10 October 28 200 9A, Jacksonville February 6 December 16 313 8B, Miami irregular frost irregular frost 365 10, Orlando January 31 December 17 319 9B, Tallahassee February 26 December 3 280 8B, Tampa January 10 December 26 349 9A, Atlanta March 20 November 19 244 7B, Augusta March 14 November 1 249 7B, Macon March 12 November 19 252 7B, Savannah February 21 December 9 291 8B, Hilo no frost no frost 365 10 `, Honolulu no frost no frost 365 10, Boise April 29 October 16 171 6A, Coeur dAlene May 12 October 14 155 5B, Pocatello May 8 September 20 155 4, Cairo March 23 November 11 233 6A, Chicago April 19 October 28 192 5B, Rockford May 7 October 11 157 5A, Springfield April 8 October 30 205 5B, Urbana April 22 October 20 151 5B, Evansville April 2 November 4 216 6A, Fort Wayne April 24 October 20 179 5B, Indianapolis April 17 October 27 193 5B, Des Moines April 20 October 19 183 5A, Dubuque April 19 October 19 184 5A, Mason City April 25 September 25 153 4, Sioux City April 27 October 13 169 4, Concordia April 16 October 24 191 5B, Topeka April 9 October 26 200 5B, Wichita April 5 November 11 210 6A, Lexington April 13 October 28 198 6A, Louisville April 1 November 7 220 6B, Lake Charles February 18 December 6 291 8B, New Orleans February 13 December 12 302 9A, Shreveport March 1 November 27 272 8A, Bangor May 1 October 4 156 5A, Caribou May 19 September 21 125 4, Greenville May 27 September 20 116 5A, Portland April 29 October 15 169 5A, Presque Isle May 31 September 18 110 4, Baltimore March 28 November 17 234 7A, Cumberland May 1 October 10 163 6A, Salisbury April 20 October 20 183 7A, Amherst May 12 September 19 130 5B, Boston April 16 October 25 192 6A, Fall River April 22 October 23 184 6A, Nantucket April 12 November 16 219 6A, Pittsfield May 12 September 27 138 5B, Worcester May 7 October 2 148 5B, Detroit April 25 October 23 181 5B, Escanaba May 14 October 6 145 4, Grand Rapids April 25 October 30 190 5B, Lansing May 6 October 8 155 5B, Marquette May 13 October 19 159 4, Albert Lea May 3 October 6 156 4, Duluth May 22 September 24 125 3, Minneapolis April 30 October 13 166 4, Virginia May 29 September 14 108 3, Biloxi February 22 November 28 279 8B, Jackson March 10 November 13 248 7B, Tupelo March 31 October 28 211 7B, Vicksburg March 8 November 15 252 7B, Columbia April 9 October 24 198 5B, Kansas City April 5 October 31 210 5B, Saint Joseph April 11 October 14 186 5B, St. Louis April 2 November 8 220 5B, Springfield April 13 October 20 190 6A, Billings May 15 September 24 132 4, Glasgow May 19 September 20 124 3, Great Falls May 9 September 25 139 4, Havre May 9 September 23 138 4, Lincoln April 20 October 17 180 5A, Norfolk May 4 October 3 152 5A, North Platte April 30 October 7 160 5A, Omaha April 14 October 20 189 5A, Elko June 6 September 3 89 5A, Las Vegas March 13 November 13 245 7A, Reno May 14 October 2 141 5B, Berlin May 29 September 15 109 4, Concord May 11 October 1 143 5A, Errol June 1 September 5 96 4, Atlantic City March 31 November 11 225 6B, Cape May April 4 November 13 222 6B, New Brunswick April 21 October 19 179 6A, Newark April 3 November 8 219 6A, Trenton April 8 November 5 211 6B, Albuquerque April 16 October 29 196 7A, Roswell April 9 November 2 208 7A, Santa Fe April 23 October 19 179 5A, Albany April 27 October 13 169 5A, Binghamton May 4 October 6 154 5A, Buffalo April 29 October 23 178 5B, New York City April 7 November 12 219 6B, Syracuse April 30 October 15 168 5A, Watertown May 7 October 4 151 5A, Asheville April 12 October 24 195 7A, Charlotte March 21 November 15 239 7B, Raleigh March 24 November 16 237 7B, Wilmington March 15 November 19 274 7B, Winston Salem April 14 October 24 193 7A, Bismarck May 11 September 24 136 4, Fargo May 13 September 27 137 4, Williston May 14 September 23 132 3, Cincinnati April 15 October 25 192 6A, Cleveland April 21 November 2 195 5B, Columbus April 17 October 30 196 5B, Dayton April 20 October 21 184 5B, Toledo April 24 October 25 184 5B, Miami April 7 October 26 202 6A, Oklahoma City March 28 November 7 223 7A, Tulsa March 31 November 2 216 6B, Bend June 8 September 7 91 5B, Eugene April 13 November 4 205 7B, Medford April 25 October 20 178 7B, Portland February 25 December 1 279 8A, Salem April 14 October 27 197 7B, Altoona May 6 October 4 151 5B, Erie May 1 October 11 163 5A, Harrisburg April 10 October 28 201 6A, Philadelphia March 30 November 17 232 6B, Pittsburgh April 20 October 23 187 6A, Scranton April 24 October 14 174 5B, Williamsport May 3 October 13 164 5B, Kingston May 1 October 14 166 6A, Providence April 13 October 27 197 6A, Charleston February 19 December 10 294 8A, Columbia March 14 November 21 252 7B, Greenville March 23 November 17 239 7B, Huron May 4 September 30 149 5A, Rapid City May 7 October 4 150 5A, Sioux Falls May 5 October 3 152 5A, Chattanooga March 26 November 11 229 7A, Knoxville March 31 November 6 220 6B, Memphis March 20 November 12 237 7A, Nashville March 28 November 7 224 6B, Brownsville February 15 December 10 298 9A, Corpus Christi January 26 December 27 335 9A, Dallas March 18 November 22 249 8A, El Paso March 26 November 14 238 8B, Houston February 5 December 11 309 8B, Lubbock April 1 November 9 205 7A, Plainview April 10 November 6 211 7B, Blanding May 18 October 14 148 6B, Logan May 15 October 6 144 6B, Ogden April 13 October 22 192 6B, Salt Lake City April 12 November 1 202 6B, Bennington May 15 October 4 142 5A, Burlington May 8 October 3 148 4, St. Johnsbury May 22 September 25 126 3, Norfolk March 18 November 27 254 7B, Richmond April 2 November 8 220 7A, Roanoke April 20 October 24 187 7A, Centralia April 27 October 7 173 7B, Seattle February 23 December 1 281 7B, Spokane April 20 October 12 175 5B, Walla Walla April 3 November 1 211 5B, Yakima April 15 October 22 190 6A, Charleston April 18 October 28 193 6B, Martinsburg April 29 October 16 170 6B, Parkersburg April 16 October 21 189 6A, Green Bay May 6 October 13 161 5A, Lacrosse May 1 October 8 161 4, Madison April 26 October 19 177 5A, Milwaukee April 20 October 25 188 5B, Casper May 18 September 25 130 4, Cheyenne May 20 September 27 130 4, Sheridan May 21 September 21 123 4, All locations no frost no frost 365 10, All locations no frost no frost 365 10, Calgary May 28 September 9 104 3, Edmonton May 14 September 14 123 3, Prince George June 10 August 28 79 3, Victoria February 28 December 9 284 7B, Churchill June 26 September 12 82 2, Winnipeg May 25 September 21 119 3, Fredericton May 18 September 26 130 4, Saint Johns June 3 October 12 131 5A, Yellow Knife May 30 September 16 109 2, Halifax May 15 October 15 153 5B, Toronto April 20 October 30 193 5B, Charlottetown May 17 October 15 151 5A, Montreal May 3 October 17 155 4, Quebec City May 18 September 18 123 4, Regina May 27 September 12 108 5B, Dawson May 26 August 27 93 4, Country and city Zone Minimum, Adelaide 10 Australia zone 4, Brisbane 10 Australia zone 4, Melbourne 10 Australia zone 4, Perth 10 Australia zone 4, Sydney 10 Australia zone 4, Paris 8, Seville 10.
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